Eliciting requirements is a key task in business analysis. Because the requirements serve as the foundation for the solution to the business needs it is essential that the requirements be complete, clear, correct, and consistent. Leveraging proven means to elicit requirements will help meet these quality goals.
The word elicit is defined8:
1. to draw forth or bring out (something latent or potential)
2. to call forth or draw out (as information or a response)
These definitions highlight the need to actively engage the stakeholders in defining requirements.
This chapter includes details for eliciting requirements for a target system. The system in question may be a business system, an automated system, or both. The scope may be a new system, an enhancement to an existing system, or the procurement of a package.
The business analyst professional should understand the commonly used techniques to elicit requirements, should be able to select appropriate technique(s) for a given situation, and be knowledgeable of the tasks to prepare, execute and complete each technique.
Eliciting requirements is not an isolated, compartmentalized activity. Typically, requirements are identified throughout the elicitation, analysis, and review activities. For example: requirements may be elicited in interviews and/or facilitated meetings. Later, when those requirements are used to build and verify model(s) gaps in the requirements may be discovered. This will then require eliciting details of those newly identified requirements, using techniques outlined in this chapter.
The tasks defined as part of the Elicitation KA include:
• Prepare for elicitation
• Conduct elicitation activity
• Document the results of elicitation activity
• Confirm elicitation results
Elicitation Techniques
The business analyst professional is responsible for coordinating the activities and employing the appropriate techniques used to elicit requirements.
To fully examine and define the requirements a combination of complementary elicitation techniques is typically used. The Requirements Planning and Management KA activities include evaluating and selecting the appropriate elicitation techniques. A number of factors (the business domain, the corporate culture and environment, the skills of the analyst and the requirements deliverables that will be created) guide which techniques will be used.
The following elicitation approaches are defined in this chapter:
Elicitation Technique
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Synonym(s)
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Brainstorming
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Document Analysis
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Review existing documentation
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Focus Group
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Interface Identification
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External Interface Analysis
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Interview
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Observation
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Job Shadowing
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Prototyping
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Storyboarding, Navigation Flow
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